- Obecnie brak na stanie
 
        
           
         
          
Phosphonic acid esters are intermediates in the synthesis of important classes of compounds such as alpha-aminophosphonic acids, bisphosphonates, epoxyalkylphosphonates, alpha-hydroxyalkylphosphonates, phosphoramides, poly(alkylene H-phosphonate)s, poly(alkylene  phosphate)s, nucleoside H-phosphonates. The synthesis of each of these compound classes is reviewed in detail.
Alpha-Aminophosphonic acids are an important class of biologically active compounds, which have received an increasing amount of attention because they are considered to be structural analogues of the corresponding Alpha-amino acids. The utilities of alpha-aminophosphonates as peptide mimics, haptens of catalytic antibodies, enzyme inhibitors, inhibitors of cancers, tumours, viruses, antibiotics and pharmacologic agents are well documented. Alpha-Hydroxyalkanephosphonates are compounds of significant biological and medicinal applications. Dialkyl epoxyalkylphosphonates are of interest because of their use as intermediates in the synthesis of bioactive substances, and as modifiers of natural and synthetic polymers. Bisphosphonates are drugs that have been widely used in different bone diseases, and have recently been used successfully against many parasites. Poly(alkylene H-phosphonate)s and poly(alkylene phosphate)s are promising, biodegradable, water soluble, new polymer-carriers of drugs. Nucleoside H-phosphonates seem to be the most attractive candidates as starting materials in the chemical synthesis of DNA and RNA fragments. The 5'-hydrogen phosphonate-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythimidine is one of the most significant anti-HIV prodrug, which is currently in clinical trials.
Chapters review the synthesis; physical and spectral properties (1H, 13C, 31P and 17O NMR data); characteristic reactions; important classes of compounds based on these esters of H-phosphonic acid; their application as physiologically active substances, flame retardants, catalysts, heat and light stabilizers, lubricants, scale inhibitors, polymer-carriers  of  drugs; preparation of H-phosphonate diesters and general procedures for conducting the most important reactions.                                     
* provides ideas for the synthesis of phosphonates, phosphoramides and diesters of phosphonic acid (new phosphorus-containing compounds)
* reviews structure, spectra and biological activity of H-phosphonates and their derivatives
* examines new areas of application of phosphorus-containing compounds         
       Chapter 1.  Methods for preparation and physical properties of H-phosphonates   
1.1. From phosphorus trichloride and alcohols 
1.2. From H-phosphonic acid 
1.3. From white phosphorus and alcohols 
 
1.4. Others  
1.5. Physical properties 
 
1.6. Thermal stability 
Chapter 2. Structure and spectral characteristics of H-phosphonates  
2.1. Electronic structure of phosphorus atom 
2.2. Nature of the chemical bonds in phosphoryl group 
2.3. Molecular structure of dimethyl H-phosphonate 
2.4. Tautomerization of dialkyl H-phosphonates  
2.5. Spectral characteristics 
  
Chapter 3. Reactivity of H-phosphonates
3.1. Acidity of H-phosphonate diesters  
3.2. Disproportionation 
 
3.3. Reduction 
3.4. Hydrolysis 
 
3.5. Acidolysis 
 
3.6. Substitution reactions at the phosphorus atom 
 
Chapter 4. Important classes of compounds  
4.1. Aminophosphonic acids 
  
4.2. Bisphosphonates  
4.3. Nucleoside H-phosphonates 
4.4. Epoxyalkylphosphonates 
4.5. Poly(alkylene H-phosphonate)s 
 
4.6. Metal salts of dialkyl H-phosphonates 
 
4.7. Complexes of dialkyl H-phosphonates 
 
Chapter 5. Application of H-phosphonates and their derivatives
5.1. Physiologically-active substances 
5.2. Polymer additives 
5.3. Degrading and alkylating agents of polymers 
5.4. Heat, light and UV stabilizers 
 
5.5. Catalysts  
5.6. Corrosion inhibitors 
 
5.7. Scale inhibitors 
 
5.8. Lubricants 
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
Zestaw z dwiema kamerami IMX219 o rozdzielczości 8 MP oraz modułem rozszerzeń dla Raspberry Pi, który pozwala na jednoczesne podłączenie dwóch kamer. ArduCAM B0350
 Brak towaru
Moduł kamery 18 Mpx z sensorem AR1820HS współpracujący z Raspberry Pi. Oferuje rozdzielczość wideo do 4912x3684 pikseli przy 15 fps. ArduCAM B0164
 Brak towaru
Obudowa serwera plików (NAS) dla Odroida XU4 z 2,2-calowym wyświetlaczem LCD, miejscem na 2,5-calowy dysk twardy oraz odbiornikiem podczerwieni
 Brak towaru
Moduł z czujnikiem jakości powietrza CCS811 umożliwiający pomiar stężenia dwutlenku węgla (CO2) oraz lotnych związków organicznych (VOC) w powietrzu. Komunikuje się przez interfejs I2C. DFRobot SEN0339
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
Metalowa obudowa z wentylatorem dla Raspberry Pi 4 model B w kolorze czarnym
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
Zmontowany mikroprocesorowy odstraszacz kretów. AVT3165 C
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
 Brak towaru
