Chemistry and Application of H-Phosphonates

Phosphonic acid esters are intermediates in alpha-aminophosphonic acids, bisphosphonates, epoxyalkylphosphonates, alpha-hydroxyalkyl phosphates, phosphoramides, poly (alkylene H-phosphonate) s, poly (alkylene phosphate) s, nucleoside H-phosphonates . Synthesis synthesis synthesis The The The The The The The.

Alpha-Aminophosphonic acids are an important alpha-amino acids. The utilities of alpha-aminophosphonates as peptide mimics, haptens of catalytic antibodies, enzyme inhibitors, inhibitors of cancers, tumors, viruses, antibiotics and pharmacologic agents are well documented. Alpha-Hydroxyalkanephosphonates are compounds of significant biological and medicinal applications. Dialkyl epoxyalkylphosphonates are of interest, and as modifiers of natural and synthetic polymers. Bisphosphonates are drugs that have been used in different diseases. Poly (alkylene H-phosphonate) s and poly (alkylene phosphate) are promising, biodegradable, water soluble, new polymer-carriers of drugs. Nucleoside H-phosphonates seem to be the most important candidates for DNA synthesis and RNA fragments. The 5'-hydrogen phosphonate-3'-azido-2 ', 3'-dideoxythimidine is one of the most significant anti-HIV prodrug, which is currently in clinical trials.

Chapters review thereat physical and spectral properties ( ¹ H, ¹³ C, ³¹ P and ¹⁷ NMR data); characteristic reactions; important classes of compounds based on H-phosphonic acid; their application as physiologically active substances, flame retardants, catalysts, heat and light stabilizers, lubricants, scale inhibitors, polymer-carriers of drugs; preparation of H-phosphonate diesters and general procedures for conducting the most important reactions.

Provides ideas for the synthesis of phosphates, phosphoramides and diesters of phosphonic acid (new phosphorus-containing compounds)
* structures, spectra and biological activity of H-phosphonates and its derivatives
* examines new areas of phosphorus-containing compounds

Chapter 1. Methods for the preparation and physical properties of H-phosphonates
1.1. From phosphorus trichloride and alcohols

1.2. From H-phosphonic acid

1.3. From white phosphorus and alcohols

1.4. others

1.5. Physical properties

1.6. Thermal stability

Chapter 2. Structure and spectral characteristics of H-phosphonates
2.1. Electronic structure of phosphorus atom

2.2. Nature of the chemical bonds in phosphoryl group

2.3. Molecular structure of dimethyl H-phosphonate

2.4. Tautomerization of dialkyl H-phosphonates

2.5. Spectral characteristics

Chapter 3. Reactivity of H-phosphonates
3.1. Acidity of H-phosphonate diesters

3.2. Disproportionation

3.3. Reduction

3.4. hydrolysis

3.5. Acidolysis

3.6. Substitution reactions at the phosphorus atom

Chapter 4. Important classes of compounds
4.1. Aminophosphonic acids

4.2. bisphosphonates

4.3. Nucleoside H-phosphonates

4.4. Epoxyalkylphosphonates

4.5. Poly (alkylene H-phosphonate) s

4.6. Metal salts of dialkyl H-phosphonates

4.7. Complexes of dialkyl H-phosphonates

Chapter 5. Application of H-phosphonates and its derivatives
5.1. Physiologically-active substances

5.2. Polymer additives

5.3. Degrading and alkylating agents of polymers

5.4. Heat, light and UV stabilizers

5.5. Catalysts

5.6. Corrosion inhibitors

5.7. Scale inhibitors

5.8. Lubricants