Computer measuring systems

The book discusses the most important standards of interfaces and digital buses used in computer measurement systems. Parameters of serial interfaces are presented: RS-232, RS-485, CAN and USB and IEEE-1394 serial bus. Parallel measurement interfaces were discussed: IEEE-488 and VXI as well as PCI and ISA parallel buses. Methods of wireless data transmission via radio channel or IrDA link in measurement systems have been described.
The recipients of the book are students of electronics and telecommunications departments and students of measurement systems specialties in other fields of study.
Examples of equipment or programming languages of measurement systems will be helpful to engineers or scientists involved in the assembly and operation of computerized measurement systems.
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Table of Contents:

Foreword 9

1. INTRODUCTION 11
1.1. Configuration and structure of the measurement system 11
1.2. Interface system 14
1.3. Computer for measuring systems 17
1.3.1.Architekturakomputera 17
1.3.2. Busses and parallel rails in the computer 19
1.3.3. Universal serial bus USB 23
1.3.4. IEEE-1394 Serial Bus 28
Literature 30

2. DIGITAL-ANALOG TRANSDUCERS
AND ANALOG-DIGITAL 32
2.1. Sampling and quantization 32
2.1.1. Sampling 32
2.1.2. Quantization 35
2.2. Digital-to-analog converters 37
2.2.1. Parameters of digital-to-analogue converters 37
2.2.2. Digital-to-analog converters with a divider
resistive 38
2.2.3. Digital-to-analogue converters with variable
the pulse train fill rate 43
2.2.4. Integrated digital-to-analogue converters 46
2.3. Integral analog-to-digital converters 48
2.3.1. Analog-digital conversion methods 48
2.3.2. Double integral converter 49
2.3.3. Integral converter with processing
frequency 54
2.4. Analogue-to-digital converters 57
2.4.1. Serial compensation transducers 57
2.4.2. Direct coded transducer 59
2.5. Other analog-to-digital converters 60
2.5.1. Analog-to-digital converter Delta-Sigma 60
2.5.2. Pulse / time transducer 61
Literature 65

3. MEASURING SYSTEMS WITH INTERFACE
SERIAL 66
3.1. Measurement interfaces 66
3.2. Serial interface system RS-232C 67
3.2.1. General information 67
3.2.2. Transmission in the RS-232C interface system 68
3.2.3. RS-232C interface bus 73
3.2.4. Current loop in the RS-232C 77 interface system
3.2.5. Measurement system for zero modem
with RS-232C 78 interface
3.3. Programming of the measuring system
with RS-232C interface 82
3.3.1. Programming the zero modem system 82
3.3.2. ScopView program for Metex 82 universal meter
3.3.3. Thermo program for temperature measurement and registration 87
3.4. Measuring system with RS-232C interface and modem 92
3.4.1. Modem 92
3.4.2. System with RS-322C serial interface and modem
telephone 95
3.4.3. Programs for controlling the transmission of data in a distributed one
measuring system 98
3.5. Other serial interface systems 103
3.5.1. Serial interface systems RS-449 and RS-530 103
3.5.2. RS-485 RS-422A standards for interface circuits
serial 106
3.5.3. Comparison of RS serial interface 108 standards
3.5.4. PROFIBUS system with serial interfaces 111
3.5.5. The measuring system in a computer network 114
3.6. Interfaces of intelligent sensors 115
3.6.1. Smart sensors 115
3.6.2. CAN 117 interface system
3.6.3. MicroLAN 123 interface system
Literature 126

4. WIRELESS MEASURING SYSTEMS 127
4.1. Wireless transmission of measurement data 127
4.2. Transmission of measurement data via the telephone network
cellular GSM 129
4.2.1. GSM mobile telephone network 129
4.2.2. Data transmission in the GSM network 132
4.2.3. AT 139 orders
4.2.4. Distributed measurement system in the GSM network 142
4.2.5. Universal mobile telecommunications system UMTS
and transmission of measurement data 148
4.3. Measurement systems with radio data transmission 154
4.3.1. Radio channels and modems 154
4.3.2. Measurement systems with radio modems 156
4.3.3. Comparison of distributed measurement systems
with radio transmission 158
4.4. Wireless data transmission to a small one
distance 160
4.4.1. IrDA link to infrared radiation 160
4.4.2. The B1uetooth 163 high frequency radio interface
4.4.3. Radio interface IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) 169
4.4.4. Comparing wireless transmission systems
a short distance 174
Literature 178

5. MEASURING SYSTEMS WITH INTERFACE
PARALLEL IEEE-488 179
5.1. IEEE-488 Parallel Interface Standard (ICE-625) 179
5.1.1. Parallel interfaces 179
5.1.2. Purpose and basic parameters
IEEE-488 180 interface
5.1.3. Bus and IEEE-488 interface cable 184
5.1.4. Interface functions of devices in the system
IEEE-488 188
5.2. Interface messages in the IEEE-488 system
and their transmission 190
5.2.1. Division of interface messages 190
5.2.2. Remote messages 192
5.2.3. Local announcements 196
5.2.4. Synchronization of message transmission in mode
handshake 197
5.3. Improvement of the measurement system parameters
with IEEE-488 198 interface
5.3.1. Transmission speed in the measurement system
- HS488 198 protocol
5.3.2. Increasing the number of devices in the system
measuring 200
5.3.3. Distributed measuring system with interface
IEEE-488 203
5.4. Graphs of IEEE-488 206 interface functions
5.4.1. Operation of interface functions 206
5.4.2. Interface function "reception control
messages "AR 207
5.4.3. Interface function "receiver" L 210
5.4.4. Interface function "send control
messages "SH 211
5.4.5. Interface function "transmitter" T 213
5.4.6. Interface function "service request" SR 214
5.4.7. Interface function "remote / local" RL 215
5.4.8. Interface function "device reset" DC 216
5.4.9. Interface function "device triggering" DT 216
5.4.10. Interface function "parallel control" PP 217
5.4.11. Interface function "controller" C 218
Literature 222

6. CASSETTE AND MODULAR SYSTEMS
MEASURING 223
6.1. CAMAC 223 cassette measuring system
6.1.1. Cassette, modular and other systems 223
6.1.2. Organization of the CAMAC 224 system
6.1.3. Cassette CAMAC 225
6.2. Measuring system VXI, 226
6.2.1. General characteristics of the system 226
6.2.2. The VXI 228 system bus
6.3. Modular measuring system PXI 231
6.3.1. General information 231
6.3.2. System PXI 233 bus
6.3.3. PXI 234 system modules
6.3.4. Configuration of the PXI 235 measuring system
6.4. Centronics and IEEE-1284 interfaces in systems
Measuring 236
6.4.1. Centronics 236 interface
6.4.2. IEEE-1284 interface 238
Literature 240

7. COMPUTER MEASURING CARDS AND INSTRUMENTS
VIRTUAL 241
7.1. Computer measuring cards 241
7.1.1. Functions and construction of the measuring card 241
7.1.2. Parameters of the measurement card 243
7.1.3. Technical data of selected types of measuring cards 245
7.2. Virtual measuring instruments 248
7.2.1. Measuring system with virtual device 248
7.2.2. Virtual measuring devices software 250
Literature 255

List of the most important abbreviations and acronyms 256