Electrical metrology ed. 9

The manual discusses the basics of electrical metrology, as well as the classification, principles of operation and metrological properties of measurement tools. The description of traditional structural solutions of devices, transducers and measurement systems has been limited. Much more attention has been paid to modern analog, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, multifunctional digital multimeters as well as structures and organization of measurement systems.

The ninth edition updates Chapter 2 on the calculation of errors and Chapter 17 on the estimation of the measurement result taking into account its uncertainty.

The manual is intended for students of electrical faculties of technical colleges. It can also be useful for electrical and electrical engineers and technicians.

Table of Contents

List of important markings

1. Basic concepts

1.1 Physical object, physical quantity (measurable)
1.2. Measurement process
1.3. Unit of measure, size systems and units of measurement
1.4. Measuring tools
1.5. Measurement methods
1.6. Processing methods

2. Basics of error calculation

2.1. Classification of measurement errors
2.2. Systematic errors
2.3. Random errors
2.4. Calculation of boundary errors during direct measurements
2.5. Error calculation for indirect measurements
2.6. Development of measurement results
2.7. Determination of processing characteristics based on measurement results

3. General information about measuring tools

3.1. The principles of division, functional and structural diagrams of measurement tools
3.2. Divisions of measuring instruments and transducers according to fulfilled functions
3.3. Division of instruments and measuring transducers due to the initial character
measurement information
3.4. Structure of measuring instruments and transducers
3.5. Static properties of measuring instruments and transducers
3.6. Dynamic properties of measuring instruments and transducers
3.7. The rules for the selection of measuring tools in the measurement process

4. Standards of electrical units and sources of reference signals

4.1. Pattern hierarchy
4.2. Standard DC power sources
4.3. Sources of reference constant voltages
4.4. Resistance patterns
4.5. Capacity patterns
4.6. Inductance standards
4.7. Sources of reference frequencies

5. Measuring transducers of electrical quantities

5.1. Introduction
5.2. Bypasses
5.3. Additional resistors (posts)
5.4. Voltage dividers
5.5. Gates
5.6. Alternating current transformers
5.7. DC transformers
5.8. Measuring amplifiers
5.9. Rectifier transducers
5.10. Sampling transducers
5.11. Thermoelectric converters of effective value
5.12. Multiplicating transducers
5.13. AC power converters
5.14. Digital-to-digital converters (C / C)
5.15. Digital-to-analogue converters (C / A)
5.16. Analog-to-digital converters (A / C)

6. Analog meters

6.1. Introduction
6.2. Magnetoelectric meters
6.3. Magnetoelectric meters with transducers
6.4. Galvanometers
6.5. Electromagnetic meters
6.6. Electrodynamic and ferrodynamic meters
6.7. Electrostatic meters

7. Digital meters

7.1. Introduction
7.2. Frequency meters and digital timers
7.3. Digital phasometers
7.5. Digital resistance, capacitance and inductance meters
7.6. Digital multimeters

8. Electricity meters

8.1. Introduction
8.2. Electromechanical electricity meters for alternating current
8.3. Electronic AC energy meters
8.4. DC meters

9. Recording devices

9.1.Wprowadzenie
9.2. Direct processing recorders
9.3. Intermediate recorders
9.4. XY recorders
9.5. Recorders with magnetic tape
9.6. Analog oscilloscopes
9.7. Analog sample oscilloscopes
9.8. Digital oscilloscopes

10. Measuring bridges

10.1. DC bridges
10.2. Alternating current bridges

11. Compensators

11.1. DC voltage compensators
11.2. DC compensators
11.3. Automatic permanent voltage compensators
11.4. AC voltage compensators

12. Measuring systems

12.1. Introduction
12.2. Contemporary measuring systems
12.3. Measurement systems software
12.4. The rules for completing the measurement system

13. Measurements of electric quantities

13.1. Models of studied objects
13.2. Resistance measurements
13.3. Measurements of inductance, capacity and loss resistance
13.4. Frequency measurements
13.5. Measurements of active power
13.6. Reactive power measurements
13.7. Phase shift measurements 13.8. Measurements of nonlinear distortions and spectral analysis
13.9. Measurements of non-sinusoidal currents and alternating voltages

14. Measurements of magnetic quantities

14.1. Measurements of the magnetic field
14.2. Measurements of the properties of magnetic materials

15. Measurements of non-electrical quantities

15.1. Introductory information
15.2. Measurements of geometric dimensions
15.3. Measurements of forces and moments
15.4. Pressure measurements
15.5. Measurements of traffic parameters
15.6. Temperature measurements

16. National service of measures

16.1. Basic tasks
16.2. Organization
16.3. norms

17. Estimation of the measurement result including its uncertainty

Literature
Index