XDSL access systems and networks

A book about xDSL systems and access networks. It comprehensively covers all these issues that are necessary to understand the operation of these systems, including the structure of subscriber networks and their properties, phenomena related to the transmission of digital signals, the basics of data transmission and solutions used in xDSL systems. Particular emphasis was placed on the discussion of ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2 +, ADSL 2 Re and VDSL and VDSL2 systems.
The book is intended for a wide range of people involved in networks and access systems, both from the academic environment, including students and researchers in electronics and telecommunications as well as computer science, as well as research institutes, measurement laboratories, design offices, telecommunications operators and teleinformation companies.

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Table of Contents:
From the author 9
1. Introduction 11
2. Wired subscriber networks 16
2.1. Structure of a traditional access network 17
2.2. Cable infrastructure 20
2.2.1. Telecommunication local cables 22
2.2.2. Station telecommunications and termination cables 28
2.2.3. Telecommunication cables 28
2.3. Disadvantages of traditional access networks 30

3. Signal transmission in wired symmetric tracks 33
3.1. Introduction 33
3.2. Parameters of subscriber lines 36
3.2.1. Primary parameters 36
3.2.2. Wave parameters 40
3.3. Physical phenomena related to the transmission of signals in subscriber networks 49
3.3.1. Attenuation 50
3.3.2. Pulse dispersion 54
3.3.3. Reflections 56
3.3.4. 64's
3.3.5. Other disturbances 77

4. Selected aspects of data transmission 86
4.1. Model of the data transmission and digital signal transmission system 86
4.2. Shaping a line signal 87
4.2.1. Line codes 87
4.2.2. Skrambling 106
4.3. Redundant coding 107
4.3.1. Basic concepts related to redundant coding 108
4.3.2. Block codes 110
4.3.3. Weave (lattice) codes 120
4.4. Modulations with lattice coding 122
4.5. Channel correction 125

5. ISDN, IDSL, HDSL, SHDSL and SDSL 130 systems
5.1. ISDN systems 131
5.1.1. ISDN BRA 132 systems
5.1.2. ISDN PRA 136 systems
5.1.3. IDSL 139 systems
5.1.4. Frequency spectrum of ISDN 139 signals
5.2. HDSL 141 systems
5.2.1. Model reference systems HDSL 142
5.2.2. Transmission speed 143
5.2.3. LTU and NTU 143 units
5.2.4. Properties of linear interfaces 148
5.2.5. Transmission range 151
5.2.6. Determination of HDSL 151 systems
5.3. SHDSL 151 systems
5.3.1. Model reference system SHDSL 152
5.3.2. Properties of linear interfaces 155
5.3.3. Transmission range 157
5.4. Summary 158

6. Asymmetrical systems - ADSL 161
6.1. Introduction to ADSL 162 systems
6.1.1. The ADSL 162 signal band
6.1.2. Digital modulations 163
6.1.3. ADSL 164 devices
6.2. ADSL signals - their generation and reception 165
6.2.1. Reference model of the basic versions of ADSL 165 devices
6.2.2. Description of the ATU 167 transmitter unit
6.2.3. Description of the ATU 184 receiver unit
6.2.4. Initialization of the connection 191
6.3. Information structures of transmitted signals 196
6.3.1. Superramka 196
6.3.2. Data frames 197
6.4. Transmission speed in ADSL 204 systems
6.5. Non-script systems 205

7. Modifications of ADSL 209 systems
7.1. ADSL2 systems 209
7.1.1. Directions of changes 209
7.1.2. Reference model and functional blocks 210
7.1.3. Information structures 212
7.1.4. Improving transmission efficiency 213
7.1.5. On-line reconfiguration 213
7.1.6. Managing the power of transmitted signals 214
7.1.7. Reducing the initialization procedure 216
7.1.8. Other changes 216
7.2. ADSL2 + 217 systems
7.3. ADSL2 systems Re 218

8. VDSL 221 systems
8.1. Introduction 221
8.2. Bandwidth and baud rate 223
8.2.1. VDSL 223 signal band
8.2.2. Baud rate 227
8.3. The reference model of VDSL 229 systems
8.3.1. Components of the reference model 229
8.3.2. Structure and functions of PMS-TC and PMD 230 blocks
8.3.3. Selection of modulation type 232
8.4. Information structures 233
8.5. Usefulness of subscriber lines for making VDSL connections 234
8.5.1. Penetration and damping 235
8.5.2. Hits 237
8.5.3. Radio interference 238
8.6. Ways of limiting the influence of channel distortion, interferences and disturbances 239
8.6.1. Limiting the impact of dispersion and the duration of the pulse response of line 239
8.6.2. Fight against adverse effects of taps 239
8.6.3. Cyclic suffix and its role in counteracting the influence, penetration of NEXT 240
8.6.4. Limiting radio interference RFI 243
8.6.5. Power control 244
8.6.6. On-line reconfiguration 244
8.7. Operating modes of VDSL 245 systems
8.7.1. Asynchronous mode 245
8.7.2. Synchronous mode 246
8.7.3. 246 adaptive semisynchronous mode
8.7.4. Efficiency and complexity of systems in adaptive semisynchronous mode 249
8.8. Protection against impulse interference 250

9. Interaction of xDSL signals, range and baud rate 255
9.1. Interference between xDSL 255 signals
9.1.1. General dependencies 255
9.1.2. Examples of spectral power densities of near and remote similar signals 257
9.2. Range and baud rate 261
9.2.1. Range of ADSL 261 systems
9.2.2. Range of VDSL 268 systems
9.3. Unbundling of subscriber loops 269
9.3.1. Variants of subscriber loop loops 270
9.3.2. Problems of loosing subscriber loops and ways of counteracting them 272
9.4. XDSL systems and other broadband wired access solutions 273

List of abbreviations 276
List of important designations 283
Index 286