The GALILEO navigation system. Strategic, scientific and technical aspects

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Author: Collective work
ISBN: 83-206-1601-8
Format: B5, p. 152
Binding: soft
Publisher: WNT

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About the book

The book describes in an accessible way the structure, operating principles and anticipated applications of Galileo's European civilian global satellite navigation system.
The global Galileo satellite navigation system will satisfy the needs of users around the world in the areas of radionavigation, location and synchronization. Compatible with currently existing GPS and GLONASS systems, Galileo will be characterized by better performance parameters (accuracy, availability, continuity). It will also provide information on the reliability of transmitted data, thus offering new application possibilities, increasing the potential of the satellite navigation sector and stimulating the development of new technologies.
The book was developed by the French institutions: the Maritime Academy, the Office of Longitude and the Academy of Aviation and Space.
Recipients: everyone interested in the civil application of satellite navigation systems.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Polish edition 8

From authors 10

1. Introductory information 11

1.1. Genesis of the Galileo 11 system
1.2. Characteristics of the publication 19

2. Technical description of the system 21

2.1. General description of the Galileo 21 system
2.1.1. Introduction to satellite navigation 21
2.1.2. Galileo 22 system
2.1.3. Determining the position and accuracy of forecasts 24
2.1.4. Differential navigation system 25
2.1.5. Services provided by the Galileo 26 system
2.1.6. Galileo System Time (GST) and Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame (GTRF) 28
2.1.7. Without waiting for Galileo, Europa implements the EGNOS 28 system
2.1.8. Galileo and relativity 30
2.2. Conventional terrestrial reference systems regarding space and time 32
2.2.1. Reference systems used for positioning 33
2.2.2. Reference time 34

3. Civil applications 36

3.1. Air navigation 36
3.1.1. Current flight parameters 37
3.1.2. Landing systems currently used 37
3.1.3. Navigation 41
3.1.4. Ground movement - full automation of aircraft and traffic control in 2020-2030 42
3.1.5. Applications 43
3.2. Navigating 44
3.2.1. Introduction 44
3.2.2. Changes in the navigation technology - GPS, Glonass and GPS differential systems 45
3.2.3. GNSS applications in general navigation 47
3.2.4. Special applications 50
3.2.5. Applications 53
3.3. Land transport 53
3.3.1. Road transport 53
3.3.2. Applications of satellite navigation systems in rail transport 58
3.4. Distribution of standard time and frequency signals and synchronization 60
3.5. Applications of the Galileo system in mobile telecommunications 61
3.6. Cartography of land and sea areas and spatial information systems 64
3.6.1. Applications for land areas 65
3.6.2. Uses in marine areas 66
3.7. Uses related to space technology 68
3.7.1. Precise orbital determination using GPS and GNSS 68 systems
3.7.2. Specifying orientation 73

4. Scientific applications 75

4.1. The basics of scientific applications of the GNSS 76 system
4.2. Reference systems for geodesy and time measurements 78
4.2.1. Space geodesy and its applications 78
4.2.2. Creating and disseminating time scales 79
4.3. Applications of the Galileo system in geophysics 84
4.3.1. Earth's rotation 84
4.3.2. Geoid and oceanography 85
4.3.3. Deformation measurements 89
4.3.4. Terrestrial environment 89
4.4. Factors affecting the accuracy and improvement possibilities offered by the Galileo 92 system
4.5. The Galileo system and the scientific community 93

5. Security and defense 95

5.1. Galileo as a civil system that meets Europe's security and defense needs 95
5.2. Military applications of satellite navigation systems 96
5.3. Europe's current dependence on the United States 97
5.3.1. US Doctrine 97
5.3.2. Consequences for Europe 98
5.4. The importance of the Galileo system for Europe's sovereignty 99
5.4.1. Concise description of PRS 99 services
5.4.2. Autonomy allowing for closer cooperation with the USA 99
5.5. Security of the Galileo system - a challenge and a factor uniting Europe 100
5.6. Applications 101

6. Clocks in space - key technology 103

6.1. Introduction 103
6.2. The specific features of atomic clocks 103
6.3. Industrial production of atomic clocks in Europe and Russia 104
6.4. Production of Galileo system clocks 106
6.5. Second generation clocks of the Galileo 107 system
6.6. Recommendations on the development of atomic clocks 107

Additions 109

Appendix 1. An overview of atomic clocks 109
Appendix 2. Phase measurement - a special case of using the GNSS system 114
Appendix 3. Cartography - current demand and the most important users 116
Appendix 4. Supplementary comments on measures to facilitate navigation in civil aviation 119
Appendix 5. The future of the GPS system 132
Appendix 6. Polish contribution to the construction of the European satellite navigation system 133
Appendix 7. Chronological overview of events related to the Galileo 135 system

List of sources 141
Glossary 144
List of abbreviations 149