Microwaves. Systems and systems

The book is an introduction to microwave technology and modern radiocommunication systems. It discusses the decibel calculus, the basics of microwave propagation in waveguides and Earth's atmosphere, describes the operation of passive elements made in the waveguide and microstrip technique and impedance matching. Discussed is also the dispersion matrix, bases of antennas, microwave measurements and the use of microwaves in radiocommunication and radiolocation.
A specialist English-Polish and Polish-English dictionary can be very useful during self-study.
Recipients: engineers and technicians involved in the design and operation of radiocommunication systems and microwave devices, students of Electronics and Telecommunications at technical universities, technical students, radio amateurs and amateur radio operators.



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Table of Contents:

LIST OF IMPORTANT MARKINGS AND ABBREVIATIONS 9

INTRODUCTION 12

1. CHARACTERISTICS AND USE
MICROFAL 15

2. DECYBEL ACCOUNT 19

3. FAL PROPORTION IN THE VALVES 23
3.1. Basics of electromagnetism 23
3.1.1. Electric and magnetic field 23
3.1.2. Maxwell equations 24
3.1.3. Flat wave type TEM and boundary conditions 25
3.1.4. The skin effect and the Doppler effect 27
3.2. Waveguide as a guide for electromagnetic waves 29
3.3. Analysis of propagation phenomena in waveguides 30
3.4. Parameters of waveguides 39

4. THE ROOM OF DISTRIBUTION 44

5. PASSIVE ELEMENTS OF FREEDOM 56
5.1. Excitation of waves in waveguides 56
5.2. Connectors 57
5.3. Frameless loads 58
5.4. Silencers 59
5.5. Dividers, power combiners and directional couplers 60
5.5.1. General remarks 60
5.5.2. T-type dividers
5.5.3. Branch "magic T",. 62
5.5.4. Directional coupler 64
5.6. Resonance cavities 66
5.7. Transitional sections of waveguides 67
5.8. Filters 67
5.9. Elements using ferrites 69
5.9.1. Properties of ferrites 69
5.9.2. Isolator 71
5.9.3. Cyrkulator 73
5.9.4. Phase shifters 75

6. MICROPASK TECHNIQUE 77
6.1. Introduction 77
6.2. Dielectric substrates 77
6.3. Wave guides 78
6.4. The transition between microstrip structures
and other guides 80
6.5. Elements with fixed constants and discontinuities 81
6.6. Power dividers, couplers and hybrid systems 83
6.7. Resonators and filters 87
6.7.1. Microstrip resonators 87
6.7.2. Dielectric resonators and YIG 88
6.7.3. Filters 91
6.8. Systems decoupling supply voltage and circuits
containing 95

7. IMPEDANCY FIT 97
7.1. Need to match impedance 97
7.2. Smith chart (circular) 98
7.3. A quarter-wave transformer 99
7.4. Matching systems with 100 focused elements
7.5. Matching systems with reeds 102
1.6. Broadband systems 105

8. SOLID STEERING ELEMENTS AND LAMPS
MICROWAVE 106
8.1. Introduction 106
8.2. Noise in electronic circuits 106
8.3. Microwave lamps 111
8.3.1. Klistron multi-purpose 111
8.3.2. Lamp with current wave 112
8.3.3. Magnetron 114
8.4. Types of electronic circuits and their parameters 117
8.5. Semiconductor diodes and their applications 122
8.6. Microwave transistors 126
8.7. Hybrid and monolithic microwave integrated circuits 128

9. MICROWAVE TREATMENT 131
9.1. General remarks 131
9.2. Microwave generators 133
9.3. Frequency 134
9.4: Power 135
9.5. Damping and reinforcement 136
9.6. Impedance matching 137
9.6.1. Impedance measurements 137
9.6.2. RL and WFS 137 rebound losses

9.7. Measurement of the scattering matrix parameters 139
9.8. Noise measurement 140
9.9. Scalar and vector analyzer 140
9.10. Spectrum analyzer 144

10. ANTENNA 159
10.1. Parameters of antennas 159
10.2. Antennas in microwave links 167
10.2.1. Parabolic antenna 167
10.2.2. Horn antenna 177
10.2.3. Microstrip antenna 179
10.2.4. Antenna logarithmically 180
10.2.5. Helical antenna (helical) 182
10.2.6. Slotted antennas 184
10.2.7. Lens antenna 187
10.2.8. Spiral antennas 189
10.2.9. Dielectric antennas 191
10.3. Practical notes 192

11. MICROPHAL PROPORTION 195
11.1. Basic propagation relationships 195
11.2. The influence of the troposphere on the propagation of radio waves 199
11.3. Decay 210
11.4. Fresnel zones 211

12. APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS 217
12.1. The radio communication system 217
12.2. Radio lines 220
12.3. Satellite systems 224
12.3.1. Introduction 224
12.3.2. Types of satellite orbits 224
12.3.3. Satellite TV 226
12.3.4. The GPS satellite navigation system 238
12.4. Bluetooth 241 system
12.5. Subscriber radio access systems 242
12.6. Wireless computer networks 244
12.7. Wireless broadband networks 246
12.8. Land mobile radio communication systems 251

13. RADAR TECHNIQUE 256
13.1. Radar applications 256
13.2. Principle of radar operation and radar equation 257
13.3. Selecting the operating frequency 261
13.4. Doppler radar 263
13.5. Impulse radar 264
13.6. Threshold for detection and false probability
alarms 267
13.7. Integration of pulses 269
13.8. Pulse compression 269
13.9. Ambiguity in determining distance from object 271
13.10. Pulse-Doppler radar 273
13.11. Effective reflection surface 276
13.12. Identification your-foreign 278
13.13. Parameters of the exemplary long-range radar 279
13.14. Radio-electronic fight 280
13.15. Radar SAR 285

Appendix A. Division of microwave bands 287
Appendix B. Formal description of wave propagation in waveguides 288
Appendix C. Parameters of waveguides 311
Appendix D. Parameters of microwave laminations 314
Appendix E. Parameters of microwave antennas 316
Appendix F. Microwave monolithic amplifiers 319
Appendix G. Statistical propagation models
- introduction 321
Appendix H. Multi-tone modulation OFDM 327

Polish-English dictionary 329
English-Polish dictionary 334

Literature 340
Index 343