Signaling system No. 7. Protocols, standardization, application

Description of the operation of the signaling system No. 7, constituting the basic digital multi-channel signaling system containing a set of control information exchange protocols in telecommunications networks. The functions, construction and set of protocols of the signaling system no. 7, principles of building and planning the signaling network, application of this signaling system in fixed telephony, ISDN and mobile networks, use of signaling in intelligent and broadband B-ISDN networks, development of signaling in order to use it in next generation networks. Issues regarding broadly understood network management were also taken into account.
Recipients: research workers and students of electronics and information technology faculties on electronics and telecommunications at technical universities, post-graduate students and practicing engineers interested in their own development.

Table of Contents:

1. Introduction 1

2. Signaling in telecommunications networks 7
2.1. Introduction 7
2.2. Functions and types of signaling 8
2.3. Subscriber signaling 12
2.3.1. Signaling in an analogue subscriber line 12
2.3.2. Signaling in a digital subscriber line 13
2.3.3. Subscriber signaling in telephony networks
Cell 16
2.3.4. Subscriber signaling in access
broadband 19
2.4. Indirect signaling 20
2.4.1. Signaling associated with channel 21
2.4.2. Signaling in the common channel 22
2.5. Functions and purpose of signaling system No. 7 24
2.5.1. Telephone network and ISDN 24
2.5.2. Mobile telephone networks 24
2.5.3. Intelligent network 25
2.5.4. Networks based on the IP 27 protocol
2.6. Problems of standardization 29
2.6.1. General remarks 29
2.6.2. Standardization organizations 30
2.6.3. Standardization at the international level 31
2.6.4. Standardization at the national level 34
Control questions 34

3. Set of protocols for the signaling system No. 7 35
3.1. Introduction 35
3.2. SS7 protocols 36
3.3. New protocols for signaling system No. 7 40
Control questions 42

4. Signaling network 43
4.1. Components of the signaling network 43
4.2. Terminology 45
4.3. Operating modes of signaling 46
4.3.1. Signaling in connection with data links 46
4.3.2. Work without connection to data links 47
4.3.3. Combined signaling 48
4.3.4. Quasi-associative signaling 48
4.3.5. Mixed mode 49
4.4. The structure of the signaling network 49
Control questions 51

5. MTP-1 level - signaling link 53
Control questions 54

6. MTP-2 level - signaling bay 56
6.1. Introduction 56
6.2. Construction of signaling units 57
6.2.1. General structure and types of signaling units 57
6.2.2. FISU 57 units
6.2.3. LSSU 58 units
6.2.4. Units of the MSU 59
6.3. MTP-2 functions 59
6.4. MTP-2 Procedures 62
6.4.1. Determination of boundaries of signaling units 62
6.4.2. Synchronization of signaling units 62
6.4.3. Error detection 63
6.4.4. Error correction 63
6.4.5. Initial synchronization 65
6.4.6. Processor damage 66
6.4.7. Flow control 66
6.4.8. Monitoring the error rate 67
Control questions 68

7. MTP-3 level - signaling network 69
7.1. Functions and structure of MTP-3 69
7.2. MTP-3 news 70
7.3. Handling signal messages 73
7.3.1. Highlighting messages 74
7.3.2. Separation of messages 74
7.3.3. Directing messages 74
7.4. Management of the signaling network 75
7.4.1. Functions of the signaling network management 75
7.4.2. States of signaling bays 75
7.4.3. Format and types of messages for network management
signaling 77
7.4.4. Traffic signaling traffic management 78
7.4.5. Management of signaling roads 85
7.4.6. Management of signaling bays 90
Control questions 94

8. SCCP - connection control part
signaling 96
8.1. SCCP 96 functions
8.2. SCCP 99 services
8.2.1. Service classes 99
8.2.2. Segmentation and submission of information 100
8.2.3. Message routing and address translation 101
8.2.4. SCCP 108 management
8.3. Construction of SCCP 109 messages
8.4. Examples of SCCP 115 procedures
Control questions 117

9. TC - transaction application part 118
9.1. Functions of TC 118
9.2. Structure of TC 119 messages
9.3. TCAP 125 news
9.4. Procedures TC 127
Control questions 129

10. ISUP - part of the ISDN 130 user
10.1. Introduction 130
10.2. ISUP functions 131
10.2.1. Signaling methods 131
10.2.2. Procedures to handle the connection 132
10.2.3. Procedures for servicing additional services 135
10.3. Messages and parameters of ISUP 137
10.3.1. General message structure 137
10.3.2. Types of messages 139
10.3.3. Types of parameters 144
10.3.4. Examples of message construction and coding 149
10.4. Basic call handling 156
10.4.1. Introduction 156
10.4.2. Connection setup procedure 157
10.4.3. Connection disconnection procedure 163
10.5. Support for additional services by ISUP 165
10.5.1. Identification of the calling line 166
10.5.2. Prohibiting the identification of the calling line 167
10.5.3. Identification of the connected line 169
10.5.4. Prohibiting the identification of an attached line 171
10.5.5. Subaddressing 172
10.5.6. Unconditional call forwarding 173
10.5.7. Call forwarding when busy 174
10.5.8. Call forwarding in the absence of a response 174
10.5.9. Reflection of the call 174
10.5.10. Maintaining the connection 176
10.5.11. Portabilitytermina1a 176
10.5.12. Connection between three subscribers 177
05.10.13. User-user signaling 178
10.6. Overseeing link bundles by ISUP 179
10.6.1. Types and construction of messages for supervision
connects 179
10.6.2. Procedures for managing links 180
10.7. Handling of emergency states by ISUP 181
10.7.1. Front collision calls 181
10.7.2. Collection of incorrect messages 183
Control questions 186

11. Application of SS7 in a smart network 187
11.1. Introduction 187
11.2. Structure of the IN 187 network
11.2.1. Commutation point of services 188
11.2.2. Service control point 189
11.2.3. Service management system 189
11.2.4. Intelligent assistive devices 189
11.2.5. Service creation environment 190
11.3. Smart network services 190
11.4. Examples of services in the IN l92 network
11.4.1. Free call 192
11.4.2. Connection with the division of the fee 193
11.4.3. Universal number 193
11.4.4. Private network separated 193
11.4.5. Credit connection 194
11.4.6. Connection with an additional fee 194
11.4.7. Telegraphing 194
11.5. INAP - application part of the intelligent network 195
11.5.1. INAP 195 functions
11.5.2. Types of operations 197
11.5.3. Definition of operations 197
11.6. Examples of call handling procedures 199
11.6.1. Free call 199 service
11.6.2. Implementation of the connection service with an additional fee of 202
11.6.3. An unsuccessful attempt to provide a connection service
credited 205
Control questions 205

12. The use of SS7 in 207 mobile networks
12.1. Mobile network 207
12.1.1. Network architecture 207
12.1.2. Signaling protocols 212
12.2. BSSAP - application part of the station subsystem
basic 214
12.2.1. Structure of BSSAP 214
12.2.2. BSSAP 215 functions
12.2.3. Construction of the BSSAP 218 message
12.2.4. Types of BSSAP 220 messages
12.3. MAP - application part of mobile telephony 221
12.3.1. MAP 221 functions
12.3.2. Message building and MAP operations 221
12.4. Examples of call handling procedures 226
12.4.1. Update location 2 26
12.4.2. Outgoing call support 229
12.4.3. Incoming call support 231
12.4.4. Sending short text messages - SMS
outgoing 233
12.4.5. Sending short text messages - SMS
incoming 233
12.4.6. Transferring connections inside MSC 234
Control questions 236

13. Application of SS7 in broadband networks 237
13.1. Broadband networks 237
13.1.1. Introduction 237
13.1.2. Signaling in the B-ISDN network 238
13.1.3. Adaptive layer for SAAL 241 signaling
13.2. B-ISUP - part of the user B-ISDN 244
13.2.1. Architecture B-ISUP 244
13.2.2. Construction of the B-ISUP 246 message
13.3. Connection support 250
Control questions 253

14. Application of SS7 in IP 254 networks
14.1. Next Generation Networks (NGNs) 254
14.2. Adaptation protocols for NGN 257
14.2.1. SCTP 257 protocol
14.2.2. Functions of the SCTP 258 protocol
14.2.3. Construction of the SCTP 261 message
14.2.4. Support for associations 263
14.2.5. Adaptation layer M2UA 265
14.2.6. Adaptation layer M2PA 268
14.2.7. Adaptation layer M3UA 272
14.2.8. Adaptation layers ISUA and SUA 275
14.3. Other signaling systems in NGN 276 networks
14.3.1. BICC 276
14.3.2. H.323 278
14.3.3. SJP and SDP 280
14.3.4. Signaling in UMTS networks 281

14.3.5. RSVP 284 protocol
14.3.6. Protocols in the MPLS 285 architecture
Control questions 285

15. OMAP - operational and maintenance application part 286
15.1. Functions of 286 signaling network management
15.1.1. Introduction 286
15.1.2. Operation 286
15.1.3. Maintenance 287
15.1.4. Management 287
15.1.5. Centralized and distributed management 288
15.2. Management over the TMN 289 network
15.2.1. Functional areas of TMN 290
15.2.2. The TMN 292 layered model
15.2.3. TMN 292 network architecture
15.3. Application part of the OMAP 295
15.3.1. Functions and tasks of OMAP 295
15.3.2. OMAP and the TMN 296 layered model
15.3.3. Functional areas of OMAP 297
15.3.4. OMAP managed objects and the SS7 300 structure
15.3.5. Verification tests 302
Control questions 305

16. Testing 306
16.1. Testing functions and types of tests 306
16.2. Measuring devices 307
16.3. Testing of signaling span 308
16.4. MTP-2 testing 310
16.4.1. Introduction 310
16.4.2. Test description and test configuration 311
16.4.3. Sample tests 313
16.5. Testing MTP-3 316
16.5.1. Types of tests and test messages 316
16.5.2. Test configurations 317
16.5.3. Examples of tests 320
16.6. Testing ISUP 323
16.6.1. Types of tests 324
16.6.2. Examples of tests 324
Control questions 329

17. Planning of the SS7 network 330
17.1. Requirements for signaling network 330
17.1.1. Hypothetical reference link connection 330
17.1.2. Delay in signaling network 331
17.1.3. Work requirements for MTP-3 and ISUP 334
17.2. Planning of signaling network 336
17.2.1. Network structure 336
17.2.2. Dimensioning of signaling links 341
17.2.3. Tools for planning the signaling network 344
Control questions 344

Bibliography 345
Dictionary of selected dates 352
List of abbreviations 356
Index 364