Wireless technologies of ICT networks

The book is a monograph presenting a comprehensive approach to the issues of wireless technology of telecommunication networks, including the description of telecommunications standards, wireless local networks 802.11 WLAN, Bluetooth and WiMAX. Basic information related to the design of wireless networks, especially the properties of radio transmission channels in wireless systems (with calculation examples), as well as methods of optimization of access points in wireless networks were included.
Recipients of the book: network administrators, designers of wireless access to the Internet, students of technical universities in the IT and related fields.

Access to the electronic version
in the service




Peter Z. Gajewski graduated Military University of Technology (1970). In the same year, he began his service at the Military University of Technology, where he still works, currently as an associate professor, Director of the Institute of Telecommunications. In the years 1976 - 2001 he obtained the academic degrees of doctor of technical sciences and doctor habilitated respectively at the Faculty of Electronics of the Faculty of Electronics. The scope of scientific and didactic activity includes: wireless systems, signal processing, adaptation techniques in radiocommunication. He is the author (co-author) of 8 monographs, over 100 publications published in foreign and national scientific journals and in conference materials. He is a member of the Telecommunications Section of the Electronics and Communication Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences, IEEE and a founding member of the Polish AFCEA Branch ( Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association ).

Stanisław Wszelak graduated from the Faculty of Electronics at the Military University of Technology (1982). In the same year, he began his service at the Military College of Communications in Zegrze near Warsaw as a research assistant. Since 1999, he has been working at the Higher School of Humanities and Economics in Włocławek as the head of the Information Technology Department. Areas of scientific and didactic activity include: computer networks, broadband wireless technologies, the use of advanced spreadsheet procedures. He is the author (co-author) of 3 monographs, over 10 publications in national scientific journals and conference materials.

Table of Contents:

List of symbols 8
Introduction 12
1. Contemporary telecommunications standards 15
1.1. Standards of the IEEE 15 organization
1.2. Standard 802.3 and its variations 17
1.3. Standard frame format 802.3 19
1.4. The IEEE family of wireless networks 20
2. 802.11 wireless local area networks 27
2.1. MAC frames in 802.11 networks 30
2.1.1. The general frame format 30
2.1.1.1. FC field frame 30
2.1.1.2. Duration - Duration / ID 36
2.1.1.3. Address fields 37
2.1.1.4. Sequence Control SC - Sequence Control 37
2.1.1.5. Data field (frame content) 38
2.1.1.6. FCS function - Frame Check Sequence 38
2.1.2. Data frames 38
2.1.3. Control frames 40
2.1.3.1. Medium control frames - Request To Send (RTS) / Clear To Send (CTS) 41
2.1.3.2. ACK confirmation frames 43
2.1.3.3. Power-Save Poll frames (PS-POLL) 43
2.1.4. Management frames 44
2.1.4.1. Field Authentication Algorithm Number 44
2.1.4.2. Authentication Transaction Sequence Number 44
2.1.4.3. Beacon Interval 44
2.1.4.4. Capability Information field 45
2.1.4.5. Current AP Address (address of the current access point) 46
2.1.4.6. Listen Interval (listening interval) 46
2.1.4.7. Reason Code (reason code) 46
2.1.4.8. Status Code field 46
2.1.4.9. Field ID 47
2.1.4.10. Timestamp field 47
2.1.4.11. Information field 48
2.1.4.12. Service Set Identity (SSID) - ID = 0 48
2.1.4.13. Supported Rates - ID = 1 50
2.1.4.14. FH Parameter Set 50
2.1.4.15. DS Parameter Set 51
2.1.4.16. Information element TIM 51
2.1.4.17. IBSS Parameter Set 51
2.1.4.18. ChallengeText 52
2.1.5. Type of management frames 52
2.1.5.1. Beacon frames 52
2.1.5.2. Frames Probe Request 52
2.1.5.3. Probe Response 52 frames
2.1.5.4. Frames Association Request 52
2.1.5.5. Reassociation Request 53 frames
2.2. Mechanism of access to the carrier 53
2.3. Connecting the station 55
2.3.1. The sampling process 55
2.3.2. The authentication and encryption process 56
2.4. ISM 61 physical layer technologies
2.4.1. Physical layer technologies 802.11 FH PHY 62
2.4.2. Physical layer technologies 802.11 DSSS PHY 68
2.4.3. Physical layer technologies 802.11 HR / DSSS 72
2.5. OFDM PHY physical layer technologies U-NII band 75
2.6. Local networks type IBSS 78
2.7. BSS networks using the access point 79
2.8. ESS 80 networks
2.9. Radio bridges of local LAN 83
2.10. A combination of several LAN 84 local area networks
3. Wireless Bluetooth networks 86
3.1. Bluetooth network model 86
3.1.1. Master-slave 86
3.1.2. Computer - peripherals 90
3.1.3. Radio bridge 91
3.1.4. Automotive applications 92
3.1.5. Video conferencing applications 92
3.2. Elements of the Bluetooth 93 protocol stack
3.2.1. Bluetooth transport protocols 93
3.2.1.1. Radio interface 94
3.2.1.2. Basic band 95
3.2.1.3. Connection Manager 102
3.2.1.4. Host controller interface 103
3.2.1.5. L2CAP 104 layer
3.2.2. Intermediary protocols 105
3.2.2.1. The RFCOMM 106 layer
3.2.2.2. The search protocol for SPD 106 services
3.2.2.3. Protocol of cooperation with IrDA 107
3.2.2.4. TCS 108 protocol
3.3. Bluetooth system profiles 109
3.3.1. General profiles 109
3.3.2. Telephony profiles 109
3.3.3. Serial profiles 110
3.3.4. Network job profiles 111
4. 802.16 (WiMAX) wireless networks 112
4.1. Standards of the IEEE 802.16 series 115
4.2. The reference model WiMAX 802.16 120
4.3. Architecture of broadband radio access networks 139
5. Properties of the transmission channel in wireless systems 142
5.1. Propagation of radio waves in the open space 142
5.2. Propagation of a radio wave over the surface of the earth 146
5.2.1. The Bullington Model 157
5.2.2. Model 0kumens 159
5.2.3. Model COST 231 Wa1fisha-Ikegami 162
5.2.4. The effect of refraction of radio waves 166
5.2.5. Modeling of LOS 169 route
5.2.6. Wave suppression in the forest and wooded area 174
5.2.7. Wave damping in rooms 174
5.2.8. Propagation of waves inside vehicles 176
5.2.9. Common channel interference 176
5.2.10. Traffic support in WLAN wireless networks 183
6. Optimization of access points in WLAN networks by direct search 186
6.1. Design methods for WLAN 186
6.2. General conditions for designing WLAN 188
6.3. Location of access points 189
6.4. Formulation of the optimization problem 190
6.5. The Nelder-Mead method 195
6.5.1. Reflection 196
6.5.2. Expansion 199
6.5.3. Return 201
6.6. The course of the Nelder-Mead direct search optimization algorithm for selected 26 iterations 203
Literature 208