Electronic card. A secure information medium

"Electronic card - secure information carrier" is the second - updated and extended edition of the book with the same title. The book provides a lot of interesting information about electronic cards ("microcomputers in the portfolio") and is addressed to a wide range of recipients. It presents the history of electronic cards, their structure and operating principles. Much space has been devoted to issues related to the various stages of the card's 'life cycle' and security and information protection issues. The card applications were reviewed, and at the end the types of cards produced in Poland were presented and the technical parameters of selected card models of several global manufacturers were included.

Table of Contents

From the authors
Introduction
1. The history of electronic cards
1.1. First producers
1.2. First attempts
1.3. Chronological overview of events
2. Classifications of electronic cards
2.1. The presence of a microprocessor (memory and microprocessor cards)
2.2. The method of protection against unwanted access
2.3. Usable aspects
2.4. The method of communication with external systems (contact and non-contact cards)
2.5. Cards with dual interface and hybrid cards
2.6. Cryptographic cards
3. Construction of electronic cards
3.1. Memory cards
3.2. Processor cards
3.2.1. Building
3.2.2. Types of memory
3.2.3. Memory structure
3.2.3.1. RAM
3.2.3.2. Non-volatile memory
3.2.4. Usable memory
3.2.5. Processor and operating system
3.2.6. Auxiliary systems
3.2.7. Contacts and their purpose
3.3. Non-contact cards
3.3.1. General characteristics
3.3.2. Philips non-contact cards
3.3.2.1. The MIFARE card family (r)
3.3.2.2. The HITAG family of cards
3.3.2.3. Practical applications of Philips cards
4. Terminology and standardization of electronic cards
4.1. Terminology
4.2. ISO standards
4.2.1. Electronic contact cards
4.2.2. Electronic non-contact cards
4.3. Other specifications
5. Electronic card readers
5.1. types
5.2. Functions
5.3. Compliance with standards
6. Card-reader communication
6.1. Response to resetting ATR (Answer to Reset)
6.1.1. Elemental time unit, TS - the first ATR sign
6.1.2. Second ATR sign
6.1.3. Interface characters
6.1.4. Historical characters
6.1.5. TCK - ATR end mark
6.2. Selection of the protocol type PTS (Protocol Type Selection)
6.3. Protocol type T =
6.3.1. Working waiting time
6.3.2. Order structure
6.3.3. Byte of the procedure
6.4. Communication protocols according to ISO / IEC 7816-3 and ISO / IEC
7. Card life cycle - selected aspects
7.1. Manufacture of cards
7.2. Adaptation
7.3. Adaptation appropriate
7.4. Programming of electronic cards
7.4.1. Software features of the card
7.4.2. Card orders based on ISO / IEC
7.4.3. PKCS # 11 Cryptographic Token Interface Standard
7.4.4. Java Card
7.4.5. End of use
8. Security of electronic cards
8.1. authentication
8.1.1. Card user authentication
8.1.1.1. PIN number
8.1.1.2. Biometric and anthropometric features
8.1.2. Authentication of entities
8.1.3. Data authentication
8.2. Encryption and electronic signature
8.3. Security of the integrated circuit
8.4. Cryptographic keys as tools for memory protection
8.5. Safety procedures at individual stages of the card's life cycle
8.6. Safety of card life cycle according to ISO standards
8.7. Security procedures for multifunction and rechargeable cards
8.8. Additional external security used in payment cards
8.9. The role of the infrastructure cooperating with the card
8.10. Summary
9. Data compression
9.1. Methods of implementing compression algorithms
9.2. Selecting the type of compression
9.3. Selecting the conversion table
9.4. Types of compression
9.4.1. Huffman algorithm
9.4.2. Arithmetic algorithm
10. Card numbering system
10.1. General principles of application numbering and RID assignment
10.2. Identification of the application on the electronic card
10.3. KRKI in Poland
10.4. Rules for registration of ID cards in Polish KRKI
11. Application overview
11.1. Payment applications
11.1.1. Electronic purse
11.1.2. Electronic wallet
11.1.3. Super Smart Card
11.2. Portable databases / identification cards
11.2.1. Card for health, social care and insurance systems
11.2.2. Index card
11.2.3. ID card
11.3. The card as an element of the security system
11.3.1. Access control card
11.3.2. The card as part of the PKI system
11.3.3. Data protection in computers
11.4. Card applications in telecommunications
11.4.1. Telephone cards
11.4.2. SIM cards in the GSM system
11.5. Cards in toll systems for transport
11.6. Pay TV
11.7. Universal applications - multi-cards
12. Production of electronic cards in Poland
12.1. Designation of electronic contact cards used at TP SA OTO Lublin
12.2. Electronic contact cards
12.2.1. Specification
12.2.2. Memory cards
12.2.2.1. Types of memory cards
12.2.2.2. Specifications of selected models
12.2.3. Microprocessor cards
12.2.4. Microprocessor cards with arithmetic coprocessor
12.3. Non-contact cards
12.3.1. Specification of the MIFARE contactless card (r)
12.3.2. Card models
12.4. Eurochip
12.4.1. Construction of the system
12.4.2. System properties
12.4.3. multifunctional
13. Summary
14. Basic literature
15. Additional literature
Appendix A
Terminology
Appendix B
Physical characteristics of electronic cards and their resistance to external factors
Appendix C
Parameters of integrated circuits of company electronic cards: Infineon, Philips
Schlumberger and Datakey
Appendix D
Internet addresses
Appendix E
Addresses of companies operating on the Polish market
Index