Laser-Doppler method in blood microcirculation

The microvascular system is the part of the circulatory system, the research of which is extremely difficult due to the complicated, inhomogeneous structure, microscopic dimensions of vessels and small and varied rates of movement of blood cells. The laser-Doppler method seems to be a particularly good tool for microvascular examination, because it allows non-invasive assessment of an important haemodynamic parameter, which is the blood supply in very small tissue volumes. In addition, the measurement is continuous and takes place in real time, and therefore it is possible to continuously monotorize the microcirculation of the patient being examined. For these reasons, despite the existing limitations, the laser-Doppler method has passed very quickly from the study of scientific research to the first clinical applications.

There is currently no monographic study in Polish, devoted to the laser-Doppler method. The intention of the authors of the book was to fill this gap and present the Polish reader with a possibly full picture of the development and status of the current laser-Doppler technique, as well as practical guidelines on the methodology of microcirculation measurements and describe selected examples of the use of this technique in clinical trials.

Table of Contents

Admission

1. Basics of microcirculation

1.1. microcirculation
1.2. The structure of the microvascular network
1.3. Properties of microcirculation

2. Methods of microcirculation testing

2.1. Isotopic methods
2.2. Photoelectric plethysmography
2.3. Thermoelectric method
2.4. Thermovision measurements
2.5. Dynamic capillaroscopy
2.6. High frequency ultrasound
2.7. Evaluation of the images of the spekli
2.8. Laser-Doppler method

3. Optical phenomena in tissue

3.1. Optical properties of tissues
3.2. Description of the penetration of light in the tissue
3.3. Doppler effect
3.4. Modeling of the processes of interaction of light with tissue

4. Basics of laser-Doppler technique

4.1. Construction of laser-Doppler blood supply meters
4.2. Laser-Doppler blood flow scanners

5. Calibration of laser-Doppler instruments

5.1. Isolated tissue
5.2. Physical models of flow
5.3. Small particles moving in a controlled motion
5.4. Particles scattering in Brownian motion
5.5. Optoelectronic method
5.6. Absolute calibration prospects (in units of flow)

6. Clinical trial methodology

6.1. Stimulation (provocative) tests
6.2. Measurement conditions and patient preparation
6.3. Standardization of research methodology

7. Clinical applications

7.1. Dermatology
7.2. Diagnosis of burns
7.3. Plastic surgery and reconstruction
7.4. Vascular diseases
7.5. Raynaud's disease
7.6. Diabetes (diabetic foot)
7.7. Gastroenterology
7.8. Examination of the kidneys and liver
7.9. Neurology and neurosurgery
7.10. Otolaryngology
7.11. Oftalomologia
7.12. Dentistry
7.13. Orthopedics
7.14. anesthesiology
7.15. Other applications

Bibliography

Annex - review of commercial laser-Doppler instruments for microcirculation tests