Global Climate Change and Indian Ocean and Adjacent Landmasses

To understand the global warming mechanism, the global mapping of primary production was carried out under the GCMAPS program. The program was concerned with marine and terrestrial environmental changes, which affect the regional and global scales. On the regional scale, a warm phase of ENSO (El Niño / Southern Oscillation). The keyword for the understanding mechanism of global warming is 'primary productivity'. The earth observation satellites (EOS) like the ADEOS of Japan, and the SeaWiFS, Sea Star and Terra of the USA.

The knowledge during the GCMAPS program has been documented in this book. Interpretation of the data suggests that global warming, which causes temperature and mankind. The first half of this book deals with changes in marine environments. Physical and chemical oceanographic properties of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans are presented. Changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, flux and composition of the ocean. In addition to this, over a hundred years of correlated environmental data are presented. Estimations of primary production and its use in the western North Pacific. Primary productivity estimates based on the validated satellite imagery are presented on the global scale. Climate change modeling of global production in global oceans is also presented.

The latter half of this book deals with changes in terrestrial environments. Primary productivity estimates for different types of ecosystems (eg, forest, grassland) are presented together with soil carbon dynamics. Also, biomass and productivity estimation and climate monitoring anomalies in global terrestrial ecosystems. This book elucidates the integration of marine environment and terrestrial environments.

* Discusses and current understanding of the biogeochemical processes on land and ocean
Provides global mapping of primary production based on satellite imagery data and modeling
* Presents the latest interpretations between carbon cycle and climatic change

Part 1. Carbon cycle in the ocean. 1. Long-term CO2 in the equatorial Pacific (HY Inoue et al). 2. G.lobal change and oceanic primary productivity: effects of ocean-atmosphere-biological feedbacks (AJ Miller et al.). 3.Constitutional incubation around Japan (K. Yokouchi et al.). 4. Depth and tme resolved primary productivity model examined for the optical properties of water (I. Asanuma). 5. Settling particles in the central North Pacific (H. Kawahata). 6. Understanding biogeochemical processes in the Pacific Ocean (LP Gupta, H. Kawahata). Part 2. Marine carbon cycle in response to climatic change. 7. Monsoonal impacts on the northern indian ocean as disceasure from sediment trap experiments (T. Rixen, V. Ittekkot). 8. Variability of the Indonesian throughflow: A review and model-to-date comparison (A. Shiller, S. Wijffels, J. Sprintall). 9. Coral records of the 1990s in the tropical northwest Pacific: ENSO, mass coral bleaching, and global warming (A. Suzuki et al.). 10. Recent advances in coral biomineralization with implications for paleo-climatology: a brief overview. (T. Watabane et al). 11. Potential feedback mechanism between phytoplankton and upper ocean circulation through oceanic radiative transfer process induced by phytroplabnkton-- numerical ocean general circulation models and analytocal solutions (S. Nakamoto et al). 12. Precession and ENSO-like variability in the Equatorial Indo-pacific Ocean (L. Beaufort). Part 3. Terrestrial carbon cycle. 13. Methods of estimating plant productivity and CO2 flux in agro-ecosystems - liking measurements, process models and remotely sensed information (Y. Inoue, A. Olioso). 14. Absorption of photosynthetically active radiation, dry-matter production, and light-use efficiency of terrestrial vegetation: A global model simulation (A. Ito, T. Oikawa 15. Terrestrial net primary production (NPP) estimation using NOAA satellite imagery: Inter-annual changes between 1982 and 1999 (Y. Awaya, E. Kodani, D. Zhuang) 16. Global mapping of net primary production (H. Shimoda, Y. Awaya, I. Asanuma). Part 4. Process studies on terrestrial carbon cycle 17. Slash-and-burn agriculture in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.) plantation: Effects of fire on nutrients and soil gases of T. (T. Ohtsuka et al.) 18. Leaf and shoot ecologic properties and their role in photosynthetic carbon gain of cool-temperate deciduous forest trees (H. Muraoka, H. Koizumi) 19. Seasonal variations in CH4 uptake and CO2 emission by a Japanese temperate deciduous forest soil (Y. Oe, S. Mariko).